Oil burner



May 15, 1923. 1,455,049

F. HARDINGE OIL BURNER Filed May 16 1921 Patented May 15, 1923.

UNITED STATES 1,455,049 PATENT OFFICE;

FRANKLIN HARDINGE. OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. ASSIGNOR TO HARDINGE BROTHERS,

INC., OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

OIL BURNER.

Application filed May 16, 1921.- Serial No. 470,211.

I '0 a]! w/mmif may concern Be it known that I. FRANKLIN I-Iannmon, acitizen of the Ihiited States, and resident of Chicago. in the county ofCook and State of Illinois. have invented a' certain new and usefulImprovement in Oil Burners, of which the following is a full. clear,concise, and exact description. reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, forming a part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in oil burners and is particularlyconcerned with improvements in those types of oil burners which aredesigned to burn gas oil. fuel oil and other petroleum distillates andresiduums. More particularly my invention is concerned with improvementsin that type of oil burner in which a rotary i'ttOIlliziug nozzle isused for atomizing the fuel which is subsequently mixed with air to forma combustible mixture.

In my co-pending application Serial No. 2389.794 I have disclosed an oilburner comprising a rotary atomizing nozzle which-is mounted upon theupper end of a cap which serves as a centrifugal separator for sepa- Irating the impurities in such a manner as to prevent the nozzle frombecoming'clogged and covered with carbonized oil.

My present invention contemplates certain improvements in the type ofburner dis closed in my aforesaid application, and among its objectsare:

First To provide a burner comprising means for supplying the 011 to theEltOIIllZlIlg,

nozzle of such a character and construction as to permit very smallquantities of oil-to be continuously fed to the nozzle.

i econdz To provide means for feeding the oil to the atomizing nozzle soconstruct-- ed as to separate air from the oil before the oil isdelivered to the atomizing nozzle, so as to prevent the flame frombeingextinguishcd by the bubbles of air in the oil supplv means.

Third: To provide means for preventing the oil, and particularly oilwhich has a percentage of water mixed therewith, from assuming ortending to assume a spheroidal state in passing from the supply means tothe atomizing nozzle.

Fourth: In an oil burner of the character described to provide improvedmeans for preventing the fuel oil from becoming mixed with thelubricating oil; and,

Fifth: To provide a new type of agitator for preventing the. cup formingthe centrifugal separator from becoming clogged up with impuritiesdeposited from the fuel oil.

Other objects will appear as this description progresses, referencebeing bad to the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a centralvertical section taken through an oil burner embodying my improvements,portions of the apparatus being shown in elevation;

Figure 2 is a side elevation showing certain features of construction ofmy .improved means for supplying lubricant to the burner and my improvedagitator;

Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional detail; and

Figure 4 is a transverse section taken substantially on line 44 ofFigure 2.

Throughout the several views similar reference characters will be usedto refer to similar parts.

In my co-pending application above referred to I' have disclosed an oilburner comprising a hollow shaft 5 which is rotatably mounted insuitable bearings (5, one only of which is shown, and carrying at itsupper end a cup comprising an inner cylindrical wall 7 and the outercylindrical wall 8, which are spaced apart to provide an annular space 9for holding the fuel oil. An out- 1 jects upwardly through the innercylindrical wall 7 of the cup and into the bore of the atomizing nozzle10.

The construction thus far described is similar to that described in myco-pendin application above referred to, where-in I have also disclosedmeans for rapidly rotating the shaft 5 soas to cause the oil to bethrown from the'knife edge 14 of the atomizing nozzle in an exceedinglyfine spray; The spray thus formed is mixed with alrdischarged from thefan plates15 which. are

secured to the outer side of the atomizi'ng nozzle adjacent the knifeedge 14. The Oil spray and air thus mixed will form a combustiblemixture which can be readily ig nited and which burns with a veryintense white flame, practically free. from smoke and odor. V A v In myco-pending application, above re- I ferred to, I have illustrated thestand-pipe where a half gallon of oil or less per hour is being consumedthe flame is quite often completely extinguished. After consider ableexperimentation and investlgation, I have discovered that this tendencyof the flame to become extinguished is due, first, to the air held insolution in the oil, which tends to accumulate in the stand-pipe, andwhen it finally passes through the orifices in the stand-pipe itmomentarily discontinues the supply of oil to the atomizer-and thuscauses the flame-to become extinguished.

Secondly, some oils contain a considerable percentage of water, whichtends to-cause the oil to assume a more or less spheroidal state as itissues from the round orifices, in place of flowing freely as it should,and in this manner prevents a continuoussupply of fuel to the burner. Toprevent the above mentioned actions, I have provided the upper end ofthe stand-pipe with longitudinally extending parallel slots 16, thedischarge capacity of which is considerably greater than the maximumcapacity of the oil burner so that'under no condition of operation willthese slots be completely filled with oil. In this manner I provide aspace above the surface of the column of oil in the stand-pipe 13,wherein the air in the oil can be readily disengaged and escape throughthe open upper ends of the slots 16.

I have discovered, with the slots more or.

less elongated, there is not the same tendency for theoil to assume aglobular form where it contains a considerable amount of water as it iswhere the openings in the stand-pipe are circular in form.

In my aforesaid co-pending application, I have disclosed a cap similarin some respects to the cap 17 shown herein which sur-. rounds thestand-pipe and encloses the cylindrical inner wall 17 of the cup. In myprior' application the oil is evenly distributed over this cap through aplurality of openings. When a small amount of oil, such as referred toabove, is discharged over such a cap from a plurality of differentpoints the film of oil formed upon the flange of the cap so exceedinglythin that it is easily disrupted and the flame may thus becomeextinguished.

In my'present construction I have provided means for more or lesslocalizing the flow of oil over the surface of the cap and in thismanner I produce a more restricted but edge 18. If the quantity of oil.is thcn increased, a portion of it will flow over the edge 19, and ifstill further increased an additional quantity will flow over the edge20, and in the same manner it the quantity is still further increased, aportion of it will flow over the edge 21. The cap 17 is provided with aplurality of groovcs'22 which register with the slot 16 and the walls ofwhich serveto confine the oil flowing'therethrough to a restrictedportion of the outer surface of the flange of the cap 17 instead ofpermitting it to spread all over the outer surface. and thus become soexceedingly thin that it is likely to be disrupted.

During operation the air within the cap 17 and, perhaps, that in thestand-pipe be comes more or less heated and rarefied and when the burneris subsequently stopped and the oil and water in the cup drop down underthe influence of gravity and fill the lower portion of the cup, there isa tendency for this oil and water to be drawn over-into the spacebetween the inner wall 7 .and the stand-pipe and to run down between thestand-pipe and the hollow shaft 5, and thus contaminate the lubricatingoil which, as described in my co-p'ending application above referred tois heldin a well at the lower end of the hollow shaft. To prevent suchan occurrence, I vent the'interior of the cap 17 to atmosphere byforming a groove 18 in the outer surface of the stand-pipe 5 whichextends from a point above the top of the cap 17 to a point inside ofthe cap 17, thus venting the interior of the cap to atmosphere.

For agitating the contents of the cup to prevent the impurities frombecoming permanently deposited in the cup, I provide an agitatorcomprising a ring 23 which surrounds the cylindrical wall 7 immediatelybeneath the lower edge of the cap 17 and which is provided'with aplurality of outwardly extending agitatorarms 24, the horizontalportions of which are preferably tilt ed as shown in Figure 1, toprovide a reaction surface which tends to lift them and the attachedring when the cup is rotated. The ring 20 is provided with apair ofupstanding lugs 25, the leading faces of which are beveled as shown at26, and engage the lugs 27 extending inwardly from the lower edge of thecap 17. In action when the cup is rotated the fluid contents thereofengage the 7 lower sides of the horizontal portions of the agitatorarms. and react against the same tending to .cause these arms to rotatewith the contents of the cup. This pressure causes the beveled edges 26of the lugs to ride upwardly on the lugs 27, thereby bringing the ring23 into close contact with the lower edge of the ca 17, so that therewill be no tendency for t e oil'toform in drops before flowing on to thering 23. The ring 23 may have a plurality of openings :23. formedtherein forbonducting theoil from oil receptacle, an upwardly flaringatomizing nozzle mounted on the upper end of said cup, the bore ofsaidnozzle where it opens into said cup being smaller in diameter thansaid cup and being counter-bored, a stand-(pipe t e pipe, and enclosingsaid inner cylindrical wall of said on the top of said cup havinggrooves forme therein for conducting the the lower edge of the capfl'l'ftotheannular sil from ,the slots in said stand-pipe to the ledge 7 whichdischarges the oil into the cup. I, found, however, that the openings23' are not essential to the proper operation of my burner. It is qiiiteimportant, however, that the space'between the ring 23 and the loweredge of the, cap 17 should not be as large as the-diameter of a drop ofthe oil which is being burned. If this precaution is exercised therewill be-noftendency for the coil to form drops and thus tend tointerrupt the supply of oil to the atomizing nozzle.

There is a tendency for the agitator to form a slight spray which tendsto settle upon the surface'ofthe boreof the atomizing nozzle adjacentthe lower end of the bore and to become carbonized there. To preventthis I have slightly counter-bored the lower end of the bore of theatomizing nozzle as shown at 27 so as to make a. film of oil at thispoint sufiiciently thick to revent the spray from adhering to the nozz ewall.

I have also'provided' a ring or disk 28 which surrounds the stand-pipeimmediately above the top of the cap 17 and which is provided withgrooves 29 which register with the slots 16 formed in the stand-pipe.These slots will carry off any abnormal sup-- sand-pipe, and thatportion of the ring $13 of oil which may beforced through the "hichoverlies the groove 13' will preventany of such abnormal supply fromfinding its way through the groove 18 to, the space between thestand-pipe and the rotary shaft 5. The disk28 also tends to prevent thespray formed by the agitator from finding the appended claims.

Having thus described my lnven'tion what Iclaimis: I vi '1. An oilburner com rising a rotary hollow shaft, a cup mounte on the upper endof said shaft, said cup having inner and outer cylindrical walls spacedapart to provide an a cap surrounding sai outer wall of said, cap, an.annular disk sur- :rouncling said stand-pipe above said cap and saidstand-pipe, said stand-pipe having a groove cut 1n the surface thereofextendlng from a point. within said cap to a point above said annulardisk, a'ringsurrounding said 'standipe below said. cap, an' agitator armexten ing outwardly from said ring, and means wlthin said cap forholding said ring stationary. I a 2. An oil burner comprisinga rotaryhollow shaft, acup mounted on the upper end of said shaft, said cuphaving inner and outer cylindrical walls spaced apart to provide'anoilreceptacle, an outwardly flarin atomizing nozzle mounted on the upper enof said cup, a stand-pipe projecting through said hollow shaft and theinner cylindrical wall of said cup,- the upper end of said stand-pipebeing provided with a plurality of longitudinally elongated slots, thebottom edges of said slots lying in different planes,

stand-pipe and enclosing said inner cylindrical wall .of said cup,thevtop of said cup having grooves formed therein for conducting the 011from the slots in said stand-pipe to the outer wall of said cap, a ringsurrounding said stand-pipe belowsaid cap, an agitatorarm extendingoutwardly from said rin and lmeans withinsaid cap for holding sai ringsI -,stationary. I

3. An oil 'burner comprising a rotary holits way to the upper portion ofthe atomiz ,filof 831d,

low shaftilacup-mounted on the upper end vide an oilreceptacle, anupwardly flaring atomizing nozzle mountedon the upper end of said cup, astand-pipe projecting through said hollow shaft and the innercylindrical wall of said cup,'the upper end of said standpipe beingrovided with a plurality of longitudinal e ongated slots, the bottomedges of said slots lying in different planes, a cap surrounding saidstand-pipe and enclosing said inner cylindrical wall of said cup, andthe top of said cup having grooves formed therein for conducting the oilfrom the aft, said cup having inner and "outer cylindrical walls spacedapart to proslots in said stand-pipe to the outer wall of said cap.

4. An 011 burner comprising a rotary 1101- low shaft, 21. cup mounted onthe upper end of said shaft, said cup having inner and outer cylindricalwalls spaced apart to provide an oil receptacle, an outwardly flaringatomizing nozzle mounted on the upper en of said cup, a stand-pipeprojecting through said hollow shaft and the inner cylindrical wall ofsaid cup, the u per end of said stand-pipe being provided with aplurality of longitudinally elongated slots, the bottom edges of saidslots lying in different planes, and a cap surrounding said standipe andenclosing said inner cylindrical we of said cup.

5. An oil burner comprising a rotary hollow shaft, a cup mounted on theupper end of said shaft, said cup having inner and outer cylindricalwalls spaced apart to provide an oil receptacle, an outwardly flaringatomizing nozzle mounted on the upper end of said cup, a stand-pipeprojecting through said hollow shaft and the inner cylindrical wall ofsaid cup, and the upper end of said stand-pipe being provided with aplurality of longitudinally elongated slots.

6. An oil burner comprising a rotary hollow shaft, a cup mounted on theupper end of said shaft, an upwardly flaring atomizing nozzle mounted onthe upper end of said cup, a stand-pipe projecting through said hollowshaft and into the cup, and the upper end of said stand-pipe beingprovided with a longitudinally elongated slot.

7. An oil burner comprising a rotary atomizing nozzle and, a stand-pipeprojecting through the center of said nozzle and having a longitudinallyelongated slot for supplying oil to said atomizing nozzle.

8. An oil burner comprising an atomizing nozzle, and a stand-pipe havinga longitudinally elongated slot for discharging oil onto said atomizingnozzle.

9. The combination with an atomizing nozzle of a conduit for supplyingoil to said nozzle, having a vertically disposed horizontallydischarging aperture larger than required to discharge the maximumquantity of oil to be burned, for permitting air to separate from theoil and escape and for preventing the oil from tending to assume thespheroidal state.

10. An oil burner comprising a rotary atomizing nozzle, a distributingdevice for supplying oil to said nozzle, and means for supplying oil tosaid distributing device over an area varying with the quantity of oilbeing fed to said nozzle.

11. An oil burner comprising a cup having inner and outer cylindricalwalls, means for rotating said cup, an upwardly flaring atomizing nozzlesecured to the upper end of said cup and receiving fuel therefrom, astand-pipe projecting through said inner cylindrical wall and having anopening near its upper end for discharging oil into said cup, a capsurrounding said stand-pipe and enclosing said inner wall, a ringsurrounding said stand-pipe, an agitator projecting from said ringtoward the wall of said cup, and means for preventing said ring fromrotating with said cup.

12. An oil burner comprising a cup having inner and outer cylindricalwalls, means for rotating said cup, an atomizing nozzle secured to theupper end of said cup and re ceiving fuel therefrom, a stand-pipe projecting through said inner cylindrical wall and having an opening nearits upper end for discharging oil into said cup, a cap surrounding saidstand-pipe and enclosing said inner wall, and means for venting theinterior of said cup to atmosphere.

.13. An oil burner comprising a hollow shaft, an atomizing nozzlesecured to the upper end of said shaft, a stand-pipe pro= jectingthrough said shaft and the bottom of said nozzle for supplying oil tosaid nozzle, a cap surrounding the upper end of said standpipe and theupper open end of said hollow shaft, and means above the lower edge ofsaid cap for venting the interior of said cap to atmosphere.

14.. An oil burner comprising a cup, an atomizing nozzle secured to theupper end of said cup, and receiving oil therefrom, the bore of saidatomizing nozzle where it communicates with said cup being of lessdiameter than the diameter of said cup and being counter-bored, meansfor agitating the oil in said cup, and a disk mounted in thecounterbored portion of said atomizing nozzle, the said disk having adiameter slightly less than said counter-bore.

15. An oil burner comprising a cup, an 'atomizing nozzle secured to theupper end of said cup, and receiving oil therefrom, the bore of saidatoz'nizing nozzle where it communicates with said cup being of lessdiameter than the diameter of said cup and being counter-bored, andmeans for agitating the oil in said cup.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 11th day of May,1921.

FRANKLIN nannnven.

Witnesses:

ALBIN C. Annmarie, EMILE d. Bonenors.

